Book 45: The Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money
كتاب القسامة
Hadith 4746
Sahih — Darussalam
No Retaliation Is To Be Carried Out If A Muslim Kills A Disbeliever
It was narrataed from Al-Ashtar that he said to 'Ali:
"What the people have been hearing from you has become widespread. If the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) told you anything, then tell us," He said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not tell me anything that he did not tell the people, except that in the sheath of my sword there is a sheet, in which it says: 'The lives of the believers are equal in value, and they hasten to support the asylum granted by the least of them. But no believer may be killed in return for a disbeliever, nor one with a covenant while his covenant is in effect."' It is an abridgement of it.
Seriousness Of Killing The One With A Covenant (Al-Mu'ahad)<sup>1</sup>
Abu Bakrah said:
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever kills a Mu'ahad with no justification, Allah will forbid Paradise to him."
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ عَنْ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
Hadith 4748
Sahih — Darussalam
Seriousness Of Killing The One With A Covenant (Al-Mu'ahad)<sup>1</sup>
It was narrated that Abu Bakrah said:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever kills a Mu'ahad with no justification, Allah will forbid Paradise to him and he will not even smell its fragrance."
Seriousness Of Killing The One With A Covenant (Al-Mu'ahad)<sup>1</sup>
It was narrated from Al-Qasim bin Al-Mukhaimirah, from a man among the Companions of the Prophet, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever kills a man from among Ahl Adh-Dhimmah.[2] he will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and its fragrance may be detected from a distance of seventy years."
أَخْبَرَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ هِلاَلِ بْنِ يِسَافٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُخَيْمِرَةَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَمْ يَجِدْ رِيحَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَيُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ سَبْعِينَ عَامًا
Hadith 4750
Sahih — Darussalam
Seriousness Of Killing The One With A Covenant (Al-Mu'ahad)<sup>1</sup>
It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin 'Amr said:
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever kills a person from among Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, he will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, and its fragrance may be detected from a distance of forty years."
There Is No Retaliation Between Slave For Offenses Less Than Killing
It was narrated from 'Imran bin Hussain that:
a slave belonging to some poor people cut off the ear of a slave belonging to some rich people. They came to the Prophet (ﷺ) but he did not give them anything.
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ غُلاَمًا لأُنَاسٍ فُقَرَاءَ قَطَعَ أُذُنَ غُلاَمٍ لأُنَاسٍ أَغْنِيَاءَ فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا
Hadith 4752
Sahih — Darussalam
Al-Qisas For A Tooth
It was narrated from Anas that:
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that Qisas should be given for a tooth. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What Allah has decreed is retaliation."
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى بِالْقِصَاصِ فِي السِّنِّ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كِتَابُ اللَّهِ الْقِصَاصُ
Hadith 4753
Hasan — Darussalam
Al-Qisas For A Tooth
It was narrated from Samurah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever kills his slave, we will kill him, and whoever mutilates his slave, we will mutilate him."
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ وَمَنْ جَدَعَ عَبْدَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ
Hadith 4754
Hasan — Darussalam
Al-Qisas For A Tooth
It was narrated from Samurah that the Prophet (ﷺ) of Allah said:
"Whoever castrates his slave, we will castrate him, and whoever mutilates his slave, we will mutilate him." This is the wording of Ibn Bashshar (one of the narrators).
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَمُرَةَ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَنْ خَصَى عَبْدَهُ خَصَيْنَاهُ وَمَنْ جَدَعَ عَبْدَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ وَاللَّفْظُ لاِبْنِ بَشَّارٍ
Hadith 4755
Sahih — Darussalam
Al-Qisas For A Tooth
It was narrated from Anas that:
the sister of Ar-Rubai' Umm Harithah injured a person and they referred the dispute to the Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Retaliation, retaliation (Qisas)." Umm Ar-Rabi said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how could retaliation be carried out against so and so? No, by Allah, retaliation willnever be carried out against her!' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Subhan Allah, O Umm Ar-Rabi'! decreed by Allah." She said: "No, by Allah, retaliation will never be carried out against her!" And she carried on until they accepted Diyah (blood money). He (the prophet) said: "There are among the slaves of Allah who, if they swear by Allah, Allah fulfills their oath.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتٌ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ أُخْتَ الرُّبَيِّعِ أُمَّ حَارِثَةَ جَرَحَتْ إِنْسَانًا فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْقِصَاصَ الْقِصَاصَ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ الرُّبَيِّعِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُقْتَصُّ مِنْ فُلاَنَةَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ يَا أُمَّ الرُّبَيِّعِ الْقِصَاصُ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ قَالَتْ لاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا فَمَا زَالَتْ حَتَّى قَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ قَالَ إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لأَبَرَّهُ
Hadith 4756
Sahih — Darussalam
Al-Qisas For A Front Tooth
Anas narrated that:
his paternal aunt broke the front tooth of a girl and the Prophet (ﷺ) of Allah decreed retaliation. Her brother, Anas bin An-Nadr, said: "Will you break the front tooth of so and so? No, by the One Who sent you with the truth, the front tooth of so and so will not be broken!" Before that, they had asked her family for forgiveness and blood money. When her brother - who was the paternal uncle of Anas and was martyred at Uhud - swore that oath, the people agreed to forgive. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are among the slaves of Allah who, if they swear by Allah, Allah fulfills their oath."
It was narrated that Anas said:
"Ar-Rubai broke the front tooth of a girls, and they asked them (her people) to forgive her, but they refused. They offered them blood money, but they refused. Then they went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he decreed relation. Anas Bin An-Nadr said: "O Messenger of Allah, will you break the front tooth of Ar-Rubai'? No, by the One Who sent you with the truth, it will not be broken!" He said: "O Anas, what Allah has decreed is retaliation." But the people agreed to forgive her. He (the Prophet) said: "There are among the slaves of Allah who, if they swear by Allah, Allah fulfills their oath."
Retaliation For A Bite And Mentioning The Differences In The Report Of The Narrators Of The
Narration Of 'Imran bin Husain Concerning That
It was narrated from 'Imran bin Hussain that:
a man bit the hand of another man, who pulled his hand away, and the man's front tooth (or from teeth) fell out. He complained about that to the Messenger of Allah, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "What do you want? Do you want me to tell him to put his hand in your mouth, so that you can bite it like a stallion bites? Or, do you want to give him your hand so that he may bite it, then you can pull it away if you want?"
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَبُو الْجَوْزَاءِ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا قُرَيْشُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ رَجُلاً عَضَّ يَدَ رَجُلٍ فَانْتَزَعَ يَدَهُ فَسَقَطَتْ ثَنِيَّتُهُ أَوْ قَالَ ثَنَايَاهُ فَاسْتَعْدَى عَلَيْهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَا تَأْمُرُنِي تَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ آمُرَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَ يَدَهُ فِي فِيكَ تَقْضَمُهَا كَمَا يَقْضَمُ الْفَحْلُ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَادْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ يَدَكَ حَتَّى يَقْضَمَهَا ثُمَّ انْتَزِعْهَا إِنْ شِئْتَ
Hadith 4759
Sahih — Darussalam
Retaliation For A Bite And Mentioning The Differences In The Report Of The Narrators Of The
Narration Of 'Imran bin Husain Concerning That
It was narrated from 'Imran bin Husain that a man bit another man on the forearm:
he pulled it away and a front tooth fell out. The matter was referred to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he canceled (the Diyah) and said: "Did you want to bite your brother's flesh as a stallion bites?"
Retaliation For A Bite And Mentioning The Differences In The Report Of The Narrators Of The
Narration Of 'Imran bin Husain Concerning That
It was narrated that 'Imran bin Husain said:
"Ya'la fought with a man, and one of them bit the other, who pulled his hand away from his mouth, and a front tooth fell out. They referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he said: 'Would one of you bite his brother as a stallion bites? There is no Diyah for that."
Retaliation For A Bite And Mentioning The Differences In The Report Of The Narrators Of The
Narration Of 'Imran bin Husain Concerning That
It was narrated from 'Imran bin Husain that:
Ya'la said, concerning the one who bit (another), and his front tooth fell out, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There is no Diyah for you." (Sahih )
أَخْبَرَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ أَنَّ يَعْلَى قَالَ فِي الَّذِي عَضَّ فَنَدَرَتْ ثَنِيَّتُهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ لاَ دِيَةَ لَكَ
Hadith 4762
Sahih — Darussalam
Retaliation For A Bite And Mentioning The Differences In The Report Of The Narrators Of The
Narration Of 'Imran bin Husain Concerning That
It was narrated from 'Imran bin Husain that:
a man bit another man in the forearm, and his front tooth fell out, so he went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him about that. He said: "Do you want to bite your brother's forearm as a stallion bites?" And he judged it to be invalid.
It was narrated from Ya'la bin Munyah that:
he fought a man and one of them bit the other, who pulled his forearm away from his mouth, and a front tooth fell out. The matter was referred to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: "Would one of you bite his brother as a young camel bites?" And judged it to be invalid.
It was narrated from Ya'la bin Munyah that:
a man from Banu Tamim fought with another man, and he bit his hand, so he pulled it away and a front tooth fell out. They referred the dispute to the Messenger of Allah, who said: "Would one of you bite his brother as a young camel bites?" and he thwarted it, meaning he judged it to be invalid.
Mentioning The Differences Reported From 'Ata' In This Hadith
It was narrated from Safwan bin 'Abdullah that his two paternal uncles, Salamah and Ya'la, the sons of Umayyah, said:
"We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the campaign of Tabuk, and there was a friend of ours with us, who fought with a man from among the Muslims. The man bit him on the forearm, so he pulled it away from his mouth and a tooth fell out. The man came to the Prophet, seeking blood money, but his brother and bite him like a stallion bites, then come and demand blood money? There is no blood money for that." And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) juddgedit to be invalid.
أَخْبَرَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ عَمَّيْهِ سَلَمَةَ وَيَعْلَى ابْنَىْ أُمَيَّةَ قَالاَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ وَمَعَنَا صَاحِبٌ لَنَا فَقَاتَلَ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَعَضَّ الرَّجُلُ ذِرَاعَهُ فَجَذَبَهَا مِنْ فِيهِ فَطَرَحَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَلْتَمِسُ الْعَقْلَ فَقَالَ يَنْطَلِقُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَيَعَضُّهُ كَعَضِيضِ الْفَحْلِ ثُمَّ يَأْتِي يَطْلُبُ الْعَقْلَ لاَ عَقْلَ لَهَا فَأَبْطَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم