Sahih Muslim
Book 44: The Book of the Merits of the Companions
كتاب فضائل الصحابة رضى الله تعالى عنهم
The Virtues Of Talhah And Az-Zubair (RA)
'Urwa reported: 'Aisha said to me: Your fathers (Zubair and Abu Bakr) were amongst those about whom (it has been revealed):" Those who responded to the call of Allah and His Messenger after the misfortune had fallen upon them."
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنِ الْبَهِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ قَالَتْ لِي عَائِشَةُ كَانَ أَبَوَاكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ
The Virtues Of Abu 'Ubaidah Bin Al-Jarrah (RA)
Anas reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: For every Umma there is a man of trust and the man of trust of this Umma is Abu 'Ubaida b. Jarrah.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدٌ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ قَالَ قَالَ أَنَسٌ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَمِينًا وَإِنَّ أَمِينَنَا أَيَّتُهَا الأُمَّةُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ
The Virtues Of Abu 'Ubaidah Bin Al-Jarrah (RA)
Anas reported that the people of Yemen came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Send with us a person who should teach us Sunnah and al-Islam, whereupon he (the Holy Prophet) caught hold of the hand of Ubaida and said: He is a man of trust of this Umma.
حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْيَمَنِ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالُوا ابْعَثْ مَعَنَا رَجُلاً يُعَلِّمْنَا السُّنَّةَ وَالإِسْلاَمَ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَالَ هَذَا أَمِينُ هَذِهِ الأُمَّةِ
The Virtues Of Abu 'Ubaidah Bin Al-Jarrah (RA)
Hudhaifa reported that the people of Najran came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Allah's Messenger, send along with us a man of trust; whereupon he said: I would definitely send to you a man of trust, a man of trust in the true sense of the term. Thereupon his Companions looked up eagerly and he sent Abu Ubaida b. Jarrah.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لاِبْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ صِلَةَ بْنِ زُفَرَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ جَاءَ أَهْلُ نَجْرَانَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ابْعَثْ إِلَيْنَا رَجُلاً أَمِينًا فَقَالَ لأَبْعَثَنَّ إِلَيْكُمْ رَجُلاً أَمِينًا حَقَّ أَمِينٍ حَقَّ أَمِينٍ قَالَ فَاسْتَشْرَفَ لَهَا النَّاسُ قَالَ فَبَعَثَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ
The Virtues Of Abu 'Ubaidah Bin Al-Jarrah (RA)
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Abu Ishaq with the same chain of transmitters.
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ
The Virtues Of Al-Hasan And Al-Husain (RA)
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying to Hasan: O Allah, behold, I love him. Thou too love him and love one who loves him.
حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِحَسَنٍ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ وَأَحْبِبْ مَنْ يُحِبُّهُ
The Virtues Of Al-Hasan And Al-Husain (RA)
Abu Huraira reported: I went along with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) at a time during the day but he did not talk to me and I did not talk to him until he reached the market of Bani Qainuqa`. He came back to the tent of Fatima and said: Is the little chap (meaning Hasan) there? We were under the impression that his mother had detained him in order to bathe him and dress him and garland him with a sweet garland. Not much time had passed that he (Hasan) came running until both of them embraced each other, thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: O Allah, I love him; love him Thou and love one who loves him (Hasan).
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ لاَ يُكَلِّمُنِي وَلاَ أُكَلِّمُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ سُوقَ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ حَتَّى أَتَى خِبَاءَ فَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ أَثَمَّ لُكَعُ أَثَمَّ لُكَعُ يَعْنِي حَسَنًا فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا تَحْبِسُهُ أُمُّهُ لأَنْ تُغَسِّلَهُ وَتُلْبِسَهُ سِخَابًا فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَ يَسْعَى حَتَّى اعْتَنَقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ وَأَحْبِبْ مَنْ يُحِبُّهُ
The Virtues Of Al-Hasan And Al-Husain (RA)
Al-Bara' b. Azib reported: I saw Hasan b. 'Ali upon the shoulders of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he was saying: O Allah, I love him, and love him Thou.
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَدِيٍّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَابِتٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ عَازِبٍ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى عَاتِقِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ
The Virtues Of Al-Hasan And Al-Husain (RA)
Al-Bara' b. Azib reported: I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with Al-Hasan b. 'Ali placed upon his shoulders and he was saying: O Allah, I love him, and love him Thou.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ قَالَ ابْنُ نَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَدِيٍّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَابِتٍ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَاضِعًا الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحِبُّهُ فَأَحِبَّهُ
The Virtues Of Al-Hasan And Al-Husain (RA)
Iyas reported on the authority of his father: I (had the honour of) leading the white mule on which rode Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and with him were Hasan and Husain, till it reached the apartment of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). The one amongst them was seated before him and the other one was seated behind him.
حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الرُّومِيِّ الْيَمَامِيُّ وَعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَظِيمِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِيَاسٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ لَقَدْ قُدْتُ بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ بَغْلَتَهُ الشَّهْبَاءَ حَتَّى أَدْخَلْتُهُمْ حُجْرَةَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم هَذَا قُدَّامَهُ وَهَذَا خَلْفَهُ
The Virtues Of The Household Of The Prophet (ﷺ)
'A'isha reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went out one norning wearing a striped cloak of the black camel's hair that there came Hasan b. 'Ali. He wrapped hitn under it, then came Husain and he wrapped him under it along with the other one (Hasan). Then came Fatima and he took her under it, then came 'Ali and he also took him under it and then said: Allah only desires to take away any uncleanliness from you, O people of the household, and purify you (thorough purifying)
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّاءَ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ شَيْبَةَ قَالَتْ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم غَدَاةً وَعَلَيْهِ مِرْطٌ مُرَحَّلٌ مِنْ شَعْرٍ أَسْوَدَ فَجَاءَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فَأَدْخَلَهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ فَأَدْخَلَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ فَأَدْخَلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ [ 33 22 22] إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا
The Virtues Of Zaid Bin Harithah And His Son Usamah (RA)
Salim b. 'Abdullah reported on the authority of his father: We were in the habit of calling Zaid b. Harith as Zaid b. Muhammad until it was revealed in the Qur'an:" Call them by the names of their fathers. This is more equitable with Allah" (This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Qutaiba b. Sa'd)
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقَارِيُّ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَا كُنَّا نَدْعُو زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ إِلاَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ [ 33 5 5] ادْعُوهُمْ لآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّرَّاجُ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الدُّوَيْرِيُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ
The Virtues Of Zaid Bin Harithah And His Son Usamah (RA)
This hadith has been narrated on the authority 'Abdullah through another chain of transmitters.
حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَبَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ حَدَّثَنِي سَالِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِمِثْلِهِ
The Virtues Of Zaid Bin Harithah And His Son Usamah (RA)
Ibn 'Umar reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent an expedition and appointed Usama b. Zaid as its chief. The people objected to his command, whereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up and said: You object to his command and before this you objected to the command of his father (Zaid). By Allah, he was fit as the commander and he was one of the dearest of persons to me and after him, behold! this one (Usama) is one of the dearest of persons to me.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ وَقُتَيْبَةُ وَابْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنُونَ ابْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعْثًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فَطَعَنَ النَّاسُ فِي إِمْرَتِهِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ إِنْ تَطْعَنُوا فِي إِمْرَتِهِ فَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَطْعَنُونَ فِي إِمْرَةِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لِلإِمْرَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَمِنْ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَىَّ وَإِنَّ هَذَا لَمِنْ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَىَّ بَعْدَهُ
The Virtues Of Zaid Bin Harithah And His Son Usamah (RA)
Salim reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said on the pulpit: You object to the command of Usima b. Zaid as you had objected before to the command of his father (Zaid). By Allah, he was most competent for it and, by Allah, he was dearest to me amongst people and, by Allah, the same is the case with Usama b. Zaid. He is most dear to me after him and I advise you to treat him well for he is pious amongst you.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ إِنْ تَطْعَنُوا فِي إِمَارَتِهِ يُرِيدُ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فَقَدْ طَعَنْتُمْ فِي إِمَارَةِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لَهَا وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لأَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَىَّ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا لَهَا لَخَلِيقٌ يُرِيدُ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لأَحَبَّهُمْ إِلَىَّ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَأُوصِيكُمْ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ صَالِحِيكُمْ
The Virtues Of Abdullah Bin Ja'far (RA)
Abdullah b. Abu Mulaika reported that Abdullah b. Jafar said to Ibn Zubair: Do you remember (the occasion) when we three (i. e. I, you and lbn 'Abbas) met Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he mounted us (on his camel) but left you? He said: Yes.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ لاِبْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَتَذْكُرُ إِذْ تَلَقَّيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَا وَأَنْتَ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَحَمَلَنَا وَتَرَكَكَ
The Virtues Of Abdullah Bin Ja'far (RA)
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Habib b. Ash-Shahid.
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ وَإِسْنَادِهِ
The Virtues Of Abdullah Bin Ja'far (RA)
Abdullah b. Ja'far reported that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be, upon him) came back from a journey, the children of his family used to accord him welcome. It was in this way that once he came back from a journey and I went to him first of all. He mounted me before him. Then there came one of the two sons of Fatima and he mounted him behind him and this is how we three entered Medina riding on a beast.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَاللَّفْظُ لِيَحْيَى قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَقَالَ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ الأَحْوَلِ عَنْ مُوَرِّقٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ تُلُقِّيَ بِصِبْيَانِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ وَإِنَّهُ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فَسُبِقَ بِي إِلَيْهِ فَحَمَلَنِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ جِيءَ بِأَحَدِ ابْنَىْ فَاطِمَةَ فَأَرْدَفَهُ خَلْفَهُ قَالَ فَأُدْخِلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ ثَلاَثَةً عَلَى دَابَّةٍ
The Virtues Of Abdullah Bin Ja'far (RA)
Abdullah b. Ja'a'far reported that when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came back from a journey he met us. Once he met me, Hasan or Husain, and he mounted one of us before him and the other one behind him until we entered Medina.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُوَرِّقٌ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ تُلُقِّيَ بِنَا قَالَ فَتُلُقِّيَ بِي وَبِالْحَسَنِ أَوْ بِالْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ فَحَمَلَ أَحَدَنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَالآخَرَ خَلْفَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ
The Virtues Of Abdullah Bin Ja'far (RA)
Abdullah b. Ja'far reported that one day Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) mounted me behind him and narrated to me something in secret which I would narrate to none amongst people.
حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مَوْلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ أَرْدَفَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ خَلْفَهُ فَأَسَرَّ إِلَىَّ حَدِيثًا لاَ أُحَدِّثُ بِهِ أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ