A governor can sentence to death a person without consulting the Imam
Narrated Abu Musa:
A man embraced Islam and then reverted back to Judaism. Mu`adh bin Jabal came and saw the man
with Abu Musa. Mu`adh asked, "What is wrong with this (man)?" Abu Musa replied, "He embraced
Islam and then reverted back to Judaism." Mu`adh said, "I will not sit down unless you kill him (as it
is) the verdict of Allah and His Apostle.
حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا مَحْبُوبُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ تَهَوَّدَ فَأَتَى مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ وَهْوَ عِنْدَ أَبِي مُوسَى فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا قَالَ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ تَهَوَّدَ قَالَ لاَ أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
Can a judge give a judgement in an angry mood?
Narrated `Abdur Rahman bin Abi Bakra:
Abu Bakra wrote to his son who was in Sijistan: 'Do not judge between two persons when you are
angry, for I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "A judge should not judge between two persons while he is in
an angry mood."
حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ كَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ وَكَانَ بِسِجِسْتَانَ بِأَنْ لاَ تَقْضِيَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ لاَ يَقْضِيَنَّ حَكَمٌ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهْوَ غَضْبَانُ
Can a judge give a judgement in an angry mood?
Narrated Abu Mas`ud Al-Ansari:
A man came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, I fail to attend the morning
congregational prayer because so-and-so (i.e., Mu`adh bin Jabal) prolongs the prayer when he leads us
for it." I had never seen the Prophet (ﷺ) more furious in giving advice than he was on that day. He then
said, "O people! some of you make others dislike (good deeds, i.e. prayers etc). So whoever among
you leads the people in prayer, he should shorten it because among them there are the old, the weak
and the busy (needy having some jobs to do). (See Hadith No. 90, Vol. 1)
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لأَتَأَخَّرُ عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ فُلاَنٍ مِمَّا يُطِيلُ بِنَا فِيهَا قَالَ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَطُّ أَشَدَّ غَضَبًا فِي مَوْعِظَةٍ مِنْهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مُنَفِّرِينَ فَأَيُّكُمْ مَا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلْيُوجِزْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمُ الْكَبِيرَ وَالضَّعِيفَ وَذَا الْحَاجَةِ
Can a judge give a judgement in an angry mood?
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
That he had divorced his wife during her menses. `Umar mentioned that to the Prophet. Allah's
Apostle became angry and said, "He must take her back (his wife) and keep her with him till she
becomes clean from her menses and then to wait till she gets her next period and becomes clean again
from it and only then, if he wants to divorce her, he may do so."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ الْكِرْمَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمٌ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهْىَ حَائِضٌ فَذَكَرَ عُمَرُ لِلنَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَتَغَيَّظَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ثُمَّ قَالَ لِيُرَاجِعْهَا ثُمَّ لْيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ فَتَطْهُرَ فَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فَلْيُطَلِّقْهَا
A judge can give judgements for the people according to his knowledge
Narrated `Aisha:
Hind bint `Utba bin Rabi`a came and said. "O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, there was no family on the
surface of the earth, I like to see in degradation more than I did your family, but today there is no
family on the surface of the earth whom I like to see honored more than yours." Hind added, "Abu
Sufyan is a miser. Is it sinful of me to feed our children from his property?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "There
is no blame on you if you feed them (thereof) in a just and reasonable manner.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ جَاءَتْ هِنْدٌ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَذِلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ وَمَا أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَعِزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ مِسِّيكٌ فَهَلْ عَلَىَّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ أَنْ أُطْعِمَ الَّذِي لَهُ عِيَالَنَا قَالَ لَهَا لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْكِ أَنْ تُطْعِمِيهِمْ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ
To bear witness as to the writer of a stamped letter; and the letter of a ruler to a governor, and of a judge to a judge
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
When the Prophet (ﷺ) intended to write to the Byzantines, the people said, "They do not read a letter
unless it is sealed (stamped)." Therefore the Prophet (ﷺ) took a silver ring----as if I am looking at its
glitter now----and its engraving was: 'Muhammad, Apostle of Allah'.
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ لَمَّا أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى الرُّومِ قَالُوا إِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابًا إِلاَّ مَخْتُومًا فَاتَّخَذَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم خَاتَمًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَبِيصِهِ وَنَقْشُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
The salaries of rulers and those employed to administer the funds
Narrated 'Abdullah bin As-Sa'di:
That when he went to 'Umar during his Caliphate. 'Umar said to him,
"Haven't I been told that you do certain jobs for the people but when
you are given payment you refuse to take it?" 'Abdullah added: I said,
"Yes." 'Umar said, "Why do you do so?" I said, "I have horses and
slaves and I am living in prosperity and I wish that my payment should
be kept as a charitable gift for the Muslims." 'Umar said, "Do not do
so, for I intended to do the same as you do. Allah's Messengers used to
give me gifts and I used to say to him, 'Give it to a more needy one
than me.' Once he gave me some money and I said, 'Give it to a more
needy person than me,' whereupon the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'Take it and keep
it in your possession and then give it in charity. Take what ever
comes to you of this money if you are not keen to have it and not
asking for it; otherwise (i.e., if it does not come to you) do not
seek to have it yourself.' "
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي السَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ابْنُ أُخْتِ نَمِرٍ أَنَّ حُوَيْطِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ السَّعْدِيِّ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى عُمَرَ فِي خِلاَفَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ أَلَمْ أُحَدَّثْ أَنَّكَ تَلِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِ النَّاسِ أَعْمَالاً فَإِذَا أُعْطِيتَ الْعُمَالَةَ كَرِهْتَهَا فَقُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَا تُرِيدُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ لِي أَفْرَاسًا وَأَعْبُدًا وَأَنَا بِخَيْرٍ وَأَرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ عُمَالَتِي صَدَقَةً عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ عُمَرُ لاَ تَفْعَلْ فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرَدْتُ الَّذِي أَرَدْتَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ فَأَقُولُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالاً فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ وَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلاَ سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ
The salaries of rulers and those employed to administer the funds
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: I have heard 'Umar saying, "The Prophet (ﷺ)
used to give me some money (grant) and I would say (to him), 'Give it
to a more needy one than me.' Once he gave me some money and I said,
'Give it to a more needy one than me.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said (to me), 'Take
it and keep it in your possession and then give it in charity. Take
whatever comes to you of this money while you are not keen to have it
and not asking for it; take it, but you should not seek to have what
you are not given. ' "
وَعَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ فَأَقُولُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالاً فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَرُ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ وَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلاَ سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ وَمَا لاَ فَلاَ تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ
Whoever gave judgements of Li'an in the mosque
Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d:
I witnessed a husband and a wife who were involved in a case of Lian. Then (the judgment of) divorce
was passed. I was fifteen years of age, at that time.
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا
Whoever gave judgements of Li'an in the mosque
Narrated Sahl:
(the brother of Bani Sa`ida) A man from the Ansar came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "If a man finds
another man sleeping with his wife, should he kill him?" That man and his wife then did Lian in the
mosque while I was present.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَهْلٍ أَخِي بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَلاَعَنَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ
Passing judgement in the mosque and ordering the punishment outside the Mosque
Narrated Abu Huraira:
A man came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) while he was in the mosque, and called him, saying, "O Allah's
Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." The Prophet (ﷺ) turned his face to the other side,
but when the man gave four witnesses against himself, the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Are you mad?" The
man said, "No." So the Prophet (ﷺ) said (to his companions), "Take him away and stone him to death. "
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهْوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَنَادَاهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي زَنَيْتُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا شَهِدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَرْبَعًا قَالَ أَبِكَ جُنُونٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ اذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَارْجُمُوهُ
Passing judgement in the mosque and ordering the punishment outside the Mosque
(continued from above)
Narrated Jabir bin Abdullah: I was one of those who stoned him at the Musalla in Al-Madina (See
Hadith 5272).
قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَأَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ رَجَمَهُ بِالْمُصَلَّى رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ وَمَعْمَرٌ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الرَّجْمِ
The advice of the Imam to the litigants
Narrated Um Salama:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "I am only a human being, and you people (opponents) come to me with your
cases; and it may be that one of you can present his case eloquently in a more convincing way than the
other, and I give my verdict according to what I hear. So if ever I judge (by error) and give the right of
a brother to his other (brother) then he (the latter) should not take it, for I am giving him only a piece
of Fire." (See Hadith No. 638, Vol. 3).
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ زَيْنَبَ ابْنَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِي نَحْوَ مَا أَسْمَعُ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلاَ يَأْخُذْهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ
If a judge has to witness in favour of a litigant
Narrated Abu Qatada:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said on the Day of (the battle of) Hunain, "Whoever has killed an infidel and has a
proof or a witness for it, then the salb (arms and belongings of that deceased) will be for him." I stood
up to seek a witness to testify that I had killed an infidel but I could not find any witness and then sat
down. Then I thought that I should mention the case to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) I (and when I did so) a man
from those who were sitting with him said, "The arms of the killed person he has mentioned, are with
me, so please satisfy him on my behalf." Abu Bakr said, "No, he will not give the arms to a bird of
Quraish and deprive one of Allah's lions of it who fights for the cause of Allah and His Apostle."
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) I stood up and gave it to me, and I bought a garden with its price, and that was my
first property which I owned through the war booty.
The people of Hijaz said, "A judge should not pass a judgment according to his knowledge, whether
he was a witness at the time he was the judge or before that" And if a litigant gives a confession in
favor of his opponent in the court, in the opinion of some scholars, the judge should not pass a
judgment against him till the latter calls two witnesses to witness his confession. And some people of
Iraq said, "A judge can pass a judgement according to what he hears or witnesses (the litigant's
confession) in the court itself, but if the confession takes place outside the court, he should not pass
the judgment unless two witnesses witness the confession." Some of them said, "A judge can pass a
judgement depending on his knowledge of the case as he is trust-worthy, and that a witness is
Required just to reveal the truth. The judge's knowledge is more than the witness." Some said, "A
judge can judge according to his knowledge only in cases involving property, but in other cases he
cannot." Al-Qasim said, "A judge ought not to pass a judgment depending on his knowledge if other
people do not know what he knows, although his knowledge is more than the witness of somebody
else because he might expose himself to suspicion by the Muslims and cause the Muslims to have
unreasonable doubt. "
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ يَحْيَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى أَبِي قَتَادَةَ أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقُمْتُ لأَلْتَمِسَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى قَتِيلٍ فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا يَشْهَدُ لِي فَجَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي فَذَكَرْتُ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُلَسَائِهِ سِلاَحُ هَذَا الْقَتِيلِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ عِنْدِي قَالَ فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَلاَّ لاَ يُعْطِهِ أُصَيْبِغَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَيَدَعَ أَسَدًا مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَىَّ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْهُ خِرَافًا فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ قَالَ لِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَىَّ وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ الْحَاكِمُ لاَ يَقْضِي بِعِلْمِهِ شَهِدَ بِذَلِكَ فِي وِلاَيَتِهِ أَوْ قَبْلَهَا وَلَوْ أَقَرَّ خَصْمٌ عِنْدَهُ لآخَرَ بِحَقٍّ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقَضَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَقْضِي عَلَيْهِ فِي قَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ حَتَّى يَدْعُوَ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَيُحْضِرَهُمَا إِقْرَارَهُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مَا سَمِعَ أَوْ رَآهُ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقَضَاءِ قَضَى بِهِ وَمَا كَانَ فِي غَيْرِهِ لَمْ يَقْضِ إِلاَّ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ يَقْضِي بِهِ لأَنَّهُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ مَعْرِفَةُ الْحَقِّ فَعِلْمُهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقْضِي بِعِلْمِهِ فِي الأَمْوَالِ وَلاَ يَقْضِي فِي غَيْرِهَا وَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يُمْضِيَ قَضَاءً بِعِلْمِهِ دُونَ عِلْمِ غَيْرِهِ مَعَ أَنَّ عِلْمَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَلَكِنَّ فِيهِ تَعَرُّضًا لِتُهَمَةِ نَفْسِهِ عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِيقَاعًا لَهُمْ فِي الظُّنُونِ وَقَدْ كَرِهَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الظَّنَّ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ صَفِيَّةُ
If a judge has to witness in favour of a litigant
Narrated `Ali bin Husain:
Safiya bint (daughter of) Huyai came to the Prophet (in the mosque), and when she returned (home),
the Prophet (ﷺ) accompanied her. It happened that two men from the Ansar passed by them and the
Prophet called them saying, "She is Safiya!" those two men said, "Subhan Allah!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said,
"Satan circulates in the human body as blood does."
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَتَتْهُ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَىٍّ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَتِ انْطَلَقَ مَعَهَا فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلاَنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَدَعَاهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ صَفِيَّةُ قَالاَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ رَوَاهُ شُعَيْبٌ وَابْنُ مُسَافِرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ـ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُسَيْنٍ ـ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
The order of the Wali sending two Amir to one place
Narrated Abu Burda:
The Prophet (ﷺ) sent my father and Mu`adh bin Jabal to Yemen and said (to them), "Make things easy for
the people and do not put hurdles in their way, and give them glad tiding, and don't let them have
aversion (i.e. to make people to hate good deeds) and you both should work in cooperation and mutual
understanding" Abu Musa said to Allah's Messenger, "In our country a special alcoholic drink called Al-
Bit', is prepared (for drinking)." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Every intoxicant is prohibited. "
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْعَقَدِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي قَالَ بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَبِي وَمُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ يَسِّرَا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرَا وَبَشِّرَا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرَا وَتَطَاوَعَا فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى إِنَّهُ يُصْنَعُ بِأَرْضِنَا الْبِتْعُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَقَالَ النَّضْرُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ وَوَكِيعٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
The ruler’s acceptance of invitation
Narrated Abu Musa:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Set free the captives and accept invitations."
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورٌ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ فُكُّوا الْعَانِيَ وَأَجِيبُوا الدَّاعِيَ
The gifts taken by the employees
Narrated Abu Humaid Al-Sa`idi:
The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed a man from the tribe of Bani Asad, called Ibn Al-Utabiyya to collect the Zakat.
When he returned (with the money) he said (to the Prophet), "This is for you and this has been given
to me as a gift." The Prophet (ﷺ) stood up on the pulpit (Sufyan said he ascended the pulpit), and after
glorifying and praising Allah, he said, "What is wrong with the employee whom we send (to collect
Zakat from the public) that he returns to say, 'This is for you and that is for me?' Why didn't he stay at
his father's and mother's house to see whether he will be given gifts or not? By Him in Whose Hand
my life is, whoever takes anything illegally will bring it on the Day of Resurrection by carrying it over
his neck: if it is a camel, it will be grunting: if it is a cow, it will be mooing: and if it is a sheep it will
be bleating!" The Prophet (ﷺ) then raised both his hands till we saw the whiteness of his armpits (and he
said), "No doubt! Haven't I conveyed Allah's Message?" And he repeated it three times.
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُرْوَةَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ قَالَ اسْتَعْمَلَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الأُتَبِيَّةِ عَلَى صَدَقَةٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ هَذَا لَكُمْ وَهَذَا أُهْدِيَ لِي فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ ـ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أَيْضًا فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ ـ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَالُ الْعَامِلِ نَبْعَثُهُ فَيَأْتِي يَقُولُ هَذَا لَكَ وَهَذَا لِي فَهَلاَّ جَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ فَيَنْظُرُ أَيُهْدَى لَهُ أَمْ لاَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يَأْتِي بِشَىْءٍ إِلاَّ جَاءَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ إِنْ كَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ رُغَاءٌ أَوْ بَقَرَةً لَهَا خُوَارٌ أَوْ شَاةً تَيْعَرُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا عُفْرَتَىْ إِبْطَيْهِ أَلاَ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ثَلاَثًا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَصَّهُ عَلَيْنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ وَزَادَ هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعَ أُذُنَاىَ وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنِي وَسَلُوا زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَإِنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مَعِي وَلَمْ يَقُلِ الزُّهْرِيُّ سَمِعَ أُذُنِي خُوَارٌ صَوْتٌ وَالْجُؤَارُ مِنْ تَجْأَرُونَ كَصَوْتِ الْبَقَرَةِ
To appoint the Maula as judges and officials
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Salim, the freed salve of Abu Hudhaifa used to lead in prayer the early Muhajirin (emigrants) and the
companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) in the Quba mosque. Among those (who used to pray behind him) were
Abu Bakr, `Umar, Abu Salama, and Amir bin Rabi`a.
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَنَّ نَافِعًا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ يَؤُمُّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الأَوَّلِينَ وَأَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ وَزَيْدٌ وَعَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ
‘Urafa appointed to look after the people
Narrated `Urwa bin Az-Zubair:
Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama told him that when the Muslims were permitted
to set free the captives of Hawazin, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "I do not know who amongst you has agreed
(to it) and who has not. Go back so that your 'Urafa' may submit your decision to us." So the people
returned and their 'Urafa' talked to them and then came back to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and told him that the
people had given their consent happily and permitted (their captives to be freed).
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَالْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ أَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ حِينَ أَذِنَ لَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي عِتْقِ سَبْىِ هَوَازِنَ إِنِّي لاَ أَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ فَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ فَكَلَّمَهُمْ عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ طَيَّبُوا وَأَذِنُوا