Sunan Abi Dawud
كتاب الأطعمة
What has been reported about accepting invitations
‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar reported the Prophet(ﷺ) as sayings: when one of you is invited for a wedding feast, he must attend it.
حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ إِذَا دُعِيَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْوَلِيمَةِ فَلْيَأْتِهَا
What has been reported about accepting invitations
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Ibn ‘Umar to the same effect through a different chain of narrators. This version has the additional words: If he is not fasting, he should eat, and if he is fasting, he should leave it.
حَدَّثَنَا مَخْلَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيَطْعَمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ صَائِمًا فَلْيَدْعُ
What has been reported about accepting invitations
Ibn ‘Umar reported the Messenger of Allah(ﷺ) as saying: if one of you invites his brother, he should accept(the invitation), whether it is a wedding feast or something of that nature.
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا دَعَا أَحَدُكُمْ أَخَاهُ فَلْيُجِبْ عُرْسًا كَانَ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ
What has been reported about accepting invitations
The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Nafi’ to the same effect through the chain of narrators as mentioned in Ayyub.
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُصَفَّى حَدَّثَنَا بَقِيَّةُ حَدَّثَنَا الزُّبَيْدِيُّ عَنْ نَافِعٍ بِإِسْنَادِ أَيُّوبَ وَمَعْنَاهُ
What has been reported about accepting invitations
Jabir reported the Messenger of Allah(ﷺ) as sayings: when one of you is invited to a meal, he must accept. If he wishes he may eat, but if he wishes(to leave), he may leave.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ دُعِيَ فَلْيُجِبْ فَإِنْ شَاءَ طَعِمَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ
What has been reported about accepting invitations
Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: He who does not accept an invitation which he receives has disobeyed Allah and His Apostle, and he who enters without invitation enters as a thief and goes out as a raider.
Abu Dawud said: Aban bin Tariq is unknown.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا دُرُسْتُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَبَانَ بْنِ طَارِقٍ عَنْ طَارِقٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَنْ دُعِيَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَمَنْ دَخَلَ عَلَى غَيْرِ دَعْوَةٍ دَخَلَ سَارِقًا وَخَرَجَ مُغِيرًا قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَبَانُ بْنُ طَارِقٍ مَجْهُولٌ
What has been reported about accepting invitations
Abu Hurairah said: The worst kind of food is that at a wedding feast to which the rich are invited and from which the poor are left out. If anyone does not attend the feast to which he was invited, he has disobeyed Allah and His Apostle (may peace upon him).
حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ شَرُّ الطَّعَامِ طَعَامُ الْوَلِيمَةِ يُدْعَى لَهَا الأَغْنِيَاءُ وَيُتْرَكُ الْمَسَاكِينُ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ الدَّعْوَةَ فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
Regarding the recommendation for holding a wedding feast
Thabit said: The marriage of Zainab daughter of Jahsh was mentioned before Anas b. Malik. He said: I did not see that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) held such a wedding feast for any of his wives as he did for her. He held a wedding feast with a sheep.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ ذُكِرَ تَزْوِيجُ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ عِنْدَ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فَقَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْلَمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ مَا أَوْلَمَ عَلَيْهَا أَوْلَمَ بِشَاةٍ
Regarding the recommendation for holding a wedding feast
Narrated Anas ibn Malik:
The Prophet (ﷺ) held a wedding feast for Safiyyah with meal and dates.
حَدَّثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ حَدَّثَنَا وَائِلُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَنِ ابْنِهِ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْلَمَ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ بِسَوِيقٍ وَتَمْرٍ
How long should the wedding feast last
Narrated Zubayr ibn Uthman:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The wedding feast on the first day is a duty, that on the second is a good practice, but that on the third day is to make men hear of it and show it to them. Qatadah said: A man told me that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab was invited (to a wedding feast on the first day and he accepted it. He was again invited on the second day, and he accepted. When he was invited on the third day, he did not accept; he said: They are the people who make men hear of it and show it to them.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الثَّقَفِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْوَرَ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَعْرُوفًا أَىْ يُثْنَى عَلَيْهِ خَيْرًا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اسْمُهُ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ فَلاَ أَدْرِي مَا اسْمُهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ الْوَلِيمَةُ أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ حَقٌّ وَالثَّانِي مَعْرُوفٌ وَالْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ سُمْعَةٌ وَرِيَاءٌ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَحَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ دُعِيَ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ فَأَجَابَ وَدُعِيَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّانِي فَأَجَابَ وَدُعِيَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ وَقَالَ أَهْلُ سُمْعَةٍ وَرِيَاءٍ
How long should the wedding feast last
Qatadah reported this story from Sa’id b. al-Musayyab. This version adds: When he was invited on the third day, he did not accept but threw pebbles on the messenger.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ قَالَ فَدُعِيَ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ وَحَصَبَ الرَّسُولَ
Offering food when someone arrives from a journey
Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:
When the Prophet (ﷺ) returned to Medina, he would slaughter a camel or a cow.
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ مُحَارِبِ بْنِ دِثَارٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْمَدِينَةَ نَحَرَ جَزُورًا أَوْ بَقَرَةً
What has been reported about hospitality
Abu Shuraih al-Ka’bi reported the Messenger of Allah(ﷺ) as sayings: He who believes in Allah and the Last Day should honour his guest provisions for the road are what will serve for a day and night: hospitality extends for three days; what goes after that is sadaqah(charity): and it is not allowable that a guest should stay till he makes himself an encumbrance.
Abu Dawud said: Malik was asked about the saying of the Prophet: "Provisions for the road what will serve for a day a night." He said: He should honor him, present him some gift, and protect him for a day and night, and hospitality for three days.
حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ جَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمُهُ وَلَيْلَتُهُ الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَثْوِيَ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى يُحْرِجَهُ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ قُرِئَ عَلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مِسْكِينٍ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ أَخْبَرَكُمْ أَشْهَبُ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم جَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ فَقَالَ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيُتْحِفُهُ وَيَحْفَظُهُ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً وَثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ضِيَافَةٌ
What has been reported about hospitality
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Hospitality extend for three days, and what goes beyond that is sadaqah (charity).
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ
What has been reported about hospitality
Narrated AbuKarimah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: It is a duty of every Muslim (to provide hospitality) to a guest for a night. If anyone comes in the morning to his house, it is a debt due to him. If he wishes, he may fulfil it, and if he wishes he may leave it.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ وَخَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَيْلَةُ الضَّيْفِ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَمَنْ أَصْبَحَ بِفِنَائِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اقْتَضَى وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ
What has been reported about hospitality
Narrated Al-Miqdam AbuKarimah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: If any Muslim is a guest of people and is given nothing, it is the duty of every Muslim to help him to the extent of taking for him from their crop and property for the entertainment of one night.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى عَنْ شُعْبَةَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْجُودِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُهَاجِرِ عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَضَافَ قَوْمًا فَأَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ مَحْرُومًا فَإِنَّ نَصْرَهُ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ بِقِرَى لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ زَرْعِهِ وَمَالِهِ
What has been reported about hospitality
‘Uqbah b. ‘Amir said: we said: Messenger of Allah! You send us out and we come to people who do not give hospitality, so what is your opinion? The Messenger of Allah(ﷺ) said: If you come to people who order for you what is fitting for a guest, accept it; but if they do not, take from them what is fitting for them to give to a guest.
Abu Dawud said: And this is an authority for a man to take a thing if it is due to him.
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ قُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ تَبْعَثُنَا فَنَنْزِلُ بِقَوْمٍ فَمَا يَقْرُونَنَا فَمَا تَرَى فَقَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ بِقَوْمٍ فَأَمَرُوا لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ فَاقْبَلُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَهَذِهِ حُجَّةٌ لِلرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ الشَّىْءَ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ حَقًّا
Abrogation of the ruling that a guest may eat from the wealth of another
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas:
When the verse: "O ye who believe! eat not up your property among yourselves in vanities, but let there be amongst you traffic and trade by mutual good will" was revealed, a man thought it a sin to eat in the house of another man after the revelation of this verse.
Then this (injunction) was revealed by the verse in Surat an-Nur: "No blame on you whether you eat in company or separately."
When a rich man (after revelation) invited a man from his people to eat food in his house, he would say: I consider it a sin to eat from it, and he said: a poor man is more entitled to it than I. The Arabic word tajannah means sin or fault. It was then declared lawful to eat something on which the name of Allah was mentioned, and it was made lawful to eat the flesh of an animal slaughtered by the people of the Book.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ [ 4 29 29] لاَ تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُحْرَجُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ مَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فَنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ الآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي النُّورِ قَالَ [ 2 198 198] لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ [ 24 61 61] أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ أَشْتَاتًا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الْغَنِيُّ يَدْعُو الرَّجُلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ قَالَ إِنِّي لأَجَّنَّحُ أَنْ آكُلَ مِنْهُ وَالتَّجَنُّحُ الْحَرَجُ وَيَقُولُ الْمِسْكِينُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنِّي فَأُحِلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَأُحِلَّ طَعَامُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ
Regarding food of two who are competing
Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade that the food of two people who were rivalling on another should be eaten
Abu Dawud said: Most of those who narrated it from Jarir did not mention the name of Ibn Abbas. Harun al-Nahwi mentioned Ibn 'Abbas in it, and Hammad bin Zaid did not mention Ibn 'Abbas.
حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي الزَّرْقَاءِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ خِرِّيتٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عِكْرِمَةَ يَقُولُ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ طَعَامِ الْمُتَبَارِيَيْنِ أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَكْثَرُ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ لاَ يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَهَارُونُ النَّحْوِيُّ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَيْضًا وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ
If a man is invited and sees something objectionable
Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib:
Safinah AbuAbdurRahman said that a man prepared food for Ali ibn AbuTalib who was his guest, and Fatimah said: I wish we had invited the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he had eaten with us. They invited him, and when he came he put his hands on the side-ports of the door, but when he saw the figured curtain which had been put at the end of the house, he went away. So Fatimah said to Ali: Follow him and see what turned him back. I (Ali) followed him and asked: What turned you back, Messenger of Allah? He replied: It is not fitting for me or for any Prophet to enter a house which is decorated.
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُمْهَانَ عَنْ سَفِينَةَ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَضَافَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَصَنَعَ لَهُ طَعَامًا فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ لَوْ دَعَوْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَكَلَ مَعَنَا فَدَعَوْهُ فَجَاءَ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى عِضَادَتَىِ الْبَابِ فَرَأَى الْقِرَامَ قَدْ ضُرِبَ بِهِ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ فَرَجَعَ فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ لِعَلِيٍّ الْحَقْهُ فَانْظُرْ مَا رَجَعَهُ فَتَبِعْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا رَدَّكَ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِي أَوْ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بَيْتًا مُزَوَّقًا