Riyad as-Salihin
كتاب الفضائل
The Excellence of Observing Saum on the Day of 'Arafah, 'Ashura' and Tasu'a (i.e., 9th of Muharram)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed Saum (fasting) on the day of 'Ashura' and commanded us to fast on this day.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صام يوم عاشوراء وأمر بصيامه ((متفق عليه))
The Excellence of Observing Saum on the Day of 'Arafah, 'Ashura' and Tasu'a (i.e., 9th of Muharram)
Abu Qatadah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about observing As-Saum (the fast) on the tenth day of Muharram, and he replied, "It is an expiation for the sins of the preceding year."
[Muslim].
وعن أبي قتادة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن صيام يوم عاشوراء فقال يكفر السنة الماضية ((رواه مسلم))
The Excellence of Observing Saum on the Day of 'Arafah, 'Ashura' and Tasu'a (i.e., 9th of Muharram)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "If I remain alive till the next year, I shall also observe fast on the ninth of Muharram."
[Muslim].
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لئن بقيت إلى قابل لأصومن التاسع ((رواه مسلم))
The Desirability of Fasting six Days in the Month of Shawwal
Abu Ayyub (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "He who observes As-Saum (the fasts) in the month of Ramadan, and also observes As-Saum for six days in the month of Shawwal, it is as if he has observed As-Saum for the whole year."
[Muslim].
عن أبي أيوب رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال من صام رمضان ثم أتبعه بست من شوال كان كصيام الدهر ((رواه مسلم))
The Desirability of Observing Saum (Fasting) on Monday and Thursday
Abu Qatadah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about fasting on Mondays. He said, "That is the day on which I was born and the day on which I received Revelation."
[Muslim].
عن أبي قتادة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن صوم يوم الاثنين فقال ذلك يوم ولدت فيه ويوم بعثت أو أنزل علي فيه ((رواه مسلم))
The Desirability of Observing Saum (Fasting) on Monday and Thursday
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Deeds of people are presented (to Allah) on Mondays and Thursdays. So I like that my actions be presented while I am fasting."
[At-Tirmidhi].
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال تعرض الأعمال يوم الاثنين والخميس فأحب أن يعرض عملي وأنا صائم ((رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن ورواه مسلم بغير ذكر الصوم))
The Desirability of Observing Saum (Fasting) on Monday and Thursday
'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her)u reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to observe fast on Mondays and Thursdays.
[At-Tirmidhi].
وعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يتحرى صوم الاثنين والخميس ((رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن))
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: My friend (the Messenger of Allah) (ﷺ) directed me to observe fast for three days in every month, to perform two Rak'ah (optional) Duha prayer at forenoon and to perform the Witr prayer before going to bed.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال أوصاني خليلي صلى الله عليه وسلم بثلاث صيام ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وركعتي الضحى وأن أوتر قبل أن أنام ((متفق عليه))
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Abud-Darda (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: My friend (the Messenger of Allah) (ﷺ) directed me to observe Saum (fasting) for three days in every month, to perform two Rak'ah (optional) Duha prayer at forenoon, and to perform the Witr prayer before going to bed.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
وعن أبي الدرداء رضي الله عنه قال أوصاني حبيبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بثلاث لن أدعهن ما عشت بصيام ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وصلاة الضحى وبأن لا أنام حتى أوتر ((رواه مسلم))
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'As (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Observing Saum (fasting) on three days of every month is equivalent to a full month's fasting."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
وعن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما قال قال رسول الله صوم ثلاثة أيام من كل شهر صوم الدهر كله ((متفق عليه))
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Mu'adhah Al-'Adawiyah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: I asked 'Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her). Did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) use to observe three days of Saum (fasting) in every month?" She replied, "Yes." I asked, "On which days in the month did he observed fast?" She replied that he did not mind on which days of the month he observed fast.
[Muslim].
وعن معاذة العدوية أنها سألت عائشة رضي الله عنها أكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم من كل شهر ثلاثة أيام فقالت نعم فقلت من أي الشهر كان يصوم قالت لم يكن يبالي من أي الشهر يصوم ((رواه مسلم))
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "If you want to observe Saum on three days in a month, then fast on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the (lunar) month."
[At-Tirmidhi].
وعن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا صمت من الشهر ثلاثًا فصم ثلاث عشرة وأربع عشرة وخمس عشرة رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Qatadah bin Milhan (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) directed us to observe Saum (fasting) on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the (lunar) month.
[Abu Dawud].
وعن قتادة بن ملحان رضي الله عنه قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يأمرنا بصيام أيام البيض ثلاث عشرة وأربع شعرة وخمس عشرة ((رواه أبو داود
The Desirability of Observing Three Days of Fasting in Every Month
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: It was the practice of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to not to omit fast on 'bright days' whether he was staying at a place or on a journey.
[An-Nasa'i].
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يفطر أيام البيض في حضر ولا سفر ((رواه النسائي بإسناد حسن))
The Merit of Providing something to the Person Observing Saum (Fasting) for breaking the Fast
Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "He who provides a fasting person something with which to break his fast, will earn the same reward as the one who was observing the fast, without diminishing in any way the reward of the latter."
[At-Tirmidhi].
عن زيد بن خالد الجهني رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال من فطر صائمًا كان له مثل أجره غير أنه لا ينقص من أجر الصائم شيء ((رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن صحيح))
The Merit of Providing something to the Person Observing Saum (Fasting) for breaking the Fast
Umm 'Umarah Al-Ansariyah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: Once the Prophet (ﷺ) visited us and I served him some food. He (ﷺ) asked me to eat. I replied that I was observing (optional) fast. He (ﷺ) said, "When people eat by a person observing fast, the angels keep asking Allah's forgiveness for that person until they have had their fill."
[At-Tirmidhi].
وعن أم عمارة الأنصارية رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم دخل عليها فقدمت إليه طعامًا فقال كلي فقالت إني صائمة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إن الصائم تصلي عليه الملائكة إذا أكل عنده حتى يفرغوا وربما قال حتى يشبعوا ((رواه الترمذي وقال حديث حسن))
The Merit of Providing something to the Person Observing Saum (Fasting) for breaking the Fast
Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (ﷺ) came to visit Sa'd bin 'Ubadah (May Allah be pleased with him) who presented bread and olive oil to him. The Prophet (ﷺ) ate it and said, "The observers of fast have broken their fast with you (this is the literal translation, but the meaning is: 'May Allah reward you for providing a fasting people with food to break their fast'); the pious people have eat your food and the angels invoked blessings on you."
[Abu Dawud].
وعن أنس رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم جاء إلى سعد بن عبادة رضي الله عنه فجاء بخبز وزيت فأكل ثم قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أفطر عندكم الصائمون وأكل طعامكم الأبرار وصلت عليكم الملائكة ((رواه أبو داود بإسناد صحيح))